Chronic pain affects the life quality of the suffering patients and posts heavy problems to the
health care system. Conventional medications are usually insufficient for chronic pain …

This paper is the forty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …

Summary Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a
great threat to global public health since 2020. Although the advance on vaccine …

Background Chronic neuropathic pain is a frequent sequel to peripheral nerve injury and
maladaptive nervous system function. Divanillyl sulfone (DS), a novel structural derivative of …

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system (CNS) trauma involving
inflammation and oxidative stress, which play important roles in this trauma's pathogenesis …

NLRP3 inflammasome is a part of the innate immune system and responsible for the rapid
identification and eradication of pathogenic microbes, metabolic stress products, reactive …

The NLRP inflammasome is a multi-protein complex which mainly consists of the nucleotide-
binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain. Its activation is …

Introduction Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is widely employed as a preservative in eye
drops, which will cause the death of corneal epithelial cells due to ROS production, DNA …

Melatonin and several of its metabolites are interfering with reactive nitrogen. With the notion
of prevailing melatonin formation in tissues that exceeds by far the quantities in blood …

The S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is a key denitrosating enzyme that regulates
protein S-nitrosation, a process which has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of …