The human body is host to large numbers of bacteriophages (phages)–a diverse group of
bacterial viruses that infect bacteria. Phage were previously regarded as bystanders that …

The lung microbiome, which is believed to be stable or at least transient in healthy people, is
now considered as a poly-microorganism component contributing to disease pathogenesis …

Decreases in the diversity of enteric bacterial populations are observed in patients with
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Less is known about the virome in these …

Microaspiration is a common phenomenon in healthy subjects, but its frequency is increased
in chronic inflammatory airway diseases, and its role in inflammatory and immune …

Mucosal surfaces are a main entry point for pathogens and the principal sites of defense
against infection. Both bacteria and phage are associated with this mucus. Here we show …

Although destructive airway disease is evident in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF),
little is known about the nature of the early CF lung environment triggering the disease. To …

Phages can exploit their bacterial hosts by lytic infection, when many viral particles are
released at cell lysis, or by lysogeny, when phages integrate into the host's genome. We …

Few studies have examined the lung virome in health and disease. Outcomes of lung
transplantation are known to be influenced by several recognized respiratory viruses, but …

Despite its clinical importance, detection of highly divergent or yet unknown viruses is a
major challenge. When human samples are sequenced, conventional alignments classify …

Molecular techniques have revolutionized the practice of standard microbiology. In
particular, 16S rRNA sequencing, whole microbial genome sequencing and metagenomics …