The complexity of many biological, social and technological systems stems from the richness
of the interactions among their units. Over the past decades, a variety of complex systems …

Interactions among living organisms, from bacteria colonies to human societies, are
inherently more complex than interactions among particles and non-living matter. Group …

Human society and natural environment form a complex giant ecosystem, where human
activities not only lead to the change in environmental states, but also react to them. By …

Networks form the backbone of many complex systems, ranging from the Internet to human
societies. Accordingly, not only is the range of our interactions limited and thus best …

Cooperation and competition are often viewed as incompatible, antagonistic forces, thus are
operationalized as two extremes on a continuum. However, they can coexist and even …

Containing the spread of crime in urban societies remains a major challenge. Empirical
evidence suggests that, if left unchecked, crimes may be recurrent and proliferate. On the …

Collective risks permeate society, triggering social dilemmas in which working toward a
common goal is impeded by selfish interests. One such dilemma is mitigating runaway …

Contemporary society is facing many social dilemmas—including climate change, COVID-
19, and misinformation—characterized by a conflict between short-term self-interest and …

Finding appropriate incentives to enforce collaborative efforts for governing the commons in
risky situations is a long-lasting challenge. Previous works have demonstrated that both …

The evolution and long-term sustenance of cooperation has consistently piqued scholarly
interest across the disciplines of evolutionary biology and social sciences. Previous …