Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), PPARδ and PPARγ are transcription
factors that regulate gene expression following ligand activation. PPARα increases cellular …

Cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle and become terminally differentiated soon after birth.
Therefore, in the adult heart, instead of an increase in cardiomyocyte number, individual …

Heart failure and related morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate, in large
part, because of increases in aging, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. The clinical outcomes …

The heart consumes large amounts of energy in the form of ATP that is continuously
replenished by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and, to a lesser extent, by …

The immune system defends against pathogens and maintains tissue homeostasis for the
life of the organism. These diverse functions are bioenergetically expensive, requiring …

Numerous studies found intestinal microbiota alterations which are thought to affect the
development of various diseases through the production of gut-derived metabolites …

Pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) provide an unprecedented
opportunity to study human heart development and disease, but they are functionally and …

There is a constant high demand for energy to sustain the continuous contractile activity of
the heart, which is met primarily by the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. The control of …

The heart utilizes large amounts of fatty acids as energy providing substrates. The
physiological balance of lipid uptake and oxidation prevents accumulation of excess lipids …

The heart has both the greatest caloric needs and the most robust oxidation of fatty acids
(FAs). Under pathological conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, cardiac uptake …