In the last American Thoracic Society (ATS) statement, dyspnea was defined as “a subjective
experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary …

Identification of pathologic changes in early and mild obstructive lung disease has shown
the importance of the small airways and their contribution to symptoms. Indeed, significant …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent, heterogeneous disorder with
varying presentation and progression but with a limited number of disease-modifying …

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) remains poorly understood and, consequently,
largely underused in respiratory medicine. In addition to a widespread lack of knowledge of …

BACKGROUND Currently recommended traditional spirometry outputs do not reflect the
relative contributions of emphysema and airway disease to airflow obstruction. We …

Background FVC may underestimate the slow vital capacity (SVC) due to early closure of the
small airways at low lung volumes in the forced maneuver. It remains unclear whether using …

Background Small airways are known to be affected early in the course of COPD; however,
traditional spirometric indices may not accurately identify small airways disease. Research …

Objective To evaluate exercise capacity using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in patients with
complicated silicosis, and to determine how results shape the prognostic value of 6MWT for …

Exertional dyspnea, a key complaint of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), ultimately reflects an increased inspiratory neural drive to breathe. In non …

Objective: To derive reference values for healthy white Brazilian adults who have never
smoked and to compare the obtained values with reference values derived by Crapo and by …