The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay
detects DNA breakage by labeling the free 3ʹ-hydroxyl termini. Given that genomic DNA …

Apoptosis is a critically important biological process that plays an essential role in cell fate
and homeostasis. An important component of the apoptotic pathway is the family of proteins …

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are involved in many crucial processes, such as cell cycle
and transcription, as well as communication, metabolism, and apoptosis. The kinases are …

Nanoparticles (NPs) have biological activities like antibacterial, antifungal, drug delivery,
immunomodulation and antitumor activities. The aim of the current study was to investigate …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common irreversible ocular disease
characterized by vision impairment among older people. Many risk factors are related to …

Type I programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis is critical for cellular self-destruction for a
variety of processes such as development or the prevention of oncogenic transformation …

Hesperidin and hesperetin are polyphenols that can be found predominantly in citrus fruits.
They possess a variety of pharmacological properties such as neuroprotective and …

Introduction• Protein aggregation‐'Toxic oligomer'hypothesis‐Protein (mis) folding‐
Proteostasis and molecular chaperones‐Protein misfolding and endoplasmic reticulum …

Bax, a central cell death regulator, is an indispensable gateway to mitochondrial dysfunction
and a major proapoptotic member of the B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) family proteins that …

Diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 (T1DM and T2DM) are complex multifactorial diseases. Loss
of beta-cell function caused by reduced secretory capacity and enhanced apoptosis is a key …