Although chemotherapy can improve the overall survival and prognosis of cancer patients,
chemoresistance remains an obstacle due to the diversity, heterogeneity, and adaptability to …

Cancer chemotherapy resistance (MDR) is the innate and/or acquired ability of cancer cells
to evade the effects of chemotherapeutics and is one of the most pressing major dilemmas in …

The vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are a family of proton pumps that couple ATP hydrolysis
to proton transport into intracellular compartments and across the plasma membrane. They …

Defective or inefficient apoptosis is an acquired hallmark of cancer cells. Thus, a thorough
understanding of apoptotic signaling pathways and insights into apoptosis resistance …

Intrinsic resistance to cytotoxic drugs has been a main issue in cancer therapy for decades.
Microenvironmental acidity is a simple while highly efficient mechanism of chemoresistance …

The external pH of solid tumors is acidic as a consequence of increased metabolism of
glucose and poor perfusion. Acid pH has been shown to stimulate tumor cell invasion and …

In this review we examine the mechanisms (causes) underlying the increased glucose
consumption observed in tumors within a teleological context (consequences). In other …

Conventional chemotherapy, one of the most widely used cancer treatment methods, has
serious side effects, and usually results in cancer treatment failure. Drug resistance is one of …

One of the major obstacles to the successful treatment of cancer is the complex biology of
solid tumour development. Although regulation of intracellular pH has been shown to be …

In this review, we focus on the biophysics of cell membrane lipids, particularly when cancers
develop acquired drug resistance, and how biophysical changes in resistant cell membrane …