Highlights•Urban ecosystems are expanding worldwide with major effects on
biodiversity.•All species are embedded in various antagonistic and mutualistic interactions.• …

The majority of humanity now lives in cities or towns, with this proportion expected to
continue increasing for the foreseeable future. As novel ecosystems, urban areas offer an …

How does nature work in our human-created city, suburb, and exurb/peri-urb? Indeed how is
ecology-including its urban water, soil, air, plant, and animal foundations-spatially entwined …

In the face of accelerating urbanization, urban ecology is an important multidisciplinary
science for developing future cities, with roots in many fields of research. In light of the …

Comparative functional ecology seeks to understand why and how ecological systems and
their components operate differently across environments. Although traditionally used in …

Urbanisation is driving rapid declines in species richness and abundance worldwide, but the
general implications for ecosystem function and services remain poorly understood. Here …

Over the past decades, climate change has induced transformations in the weed flora of
arable ecosystems in Europe. For instance, thermophile weeds, late-emerging weeds, and …

In the conservation literature on land‐use change, it is often assumed that land‐use
intensification drives species loss, driving a loss of functional trait diversity and ecosystem …

Given the increasing prevalence of cities, a better mechanistic and functional understanding
of plant responses to urbanisation will assist biodiversity conservation and the provision of …

Question: How many vegetation plot observations (relevés) are available in electronic
databases, how are they geographically distributed, what are their properties and how might …