Components of the innate immune response, including neutrophils and macrophages, are
the first line of defense against infections. Their role is to initiate an inflammatory response …

The innate immune system is composed of a network of cells including neutrophils, NK and
NKT cells, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells that mediate the earliest interactions …

Intergenerational inheritance of immune traits linked to epigenetic modifications has been
demonstrated in plants and invertebrates. Here we provide evidence for transmission of …

Inflammaging refers to a low-grade pro-inflammatory phenotype which accompanies aging
in mammals. The aging process is associated with a decline in autophagic capacity which …

Until the mid-20th century, infectious diseases were the major cause of morbidity and
mortality in humans. Massive vaccination campaigns, antibiotics, antivirals, and advanced …

The immune system of an organism is an essential component of the defense mechanism
aimed at combating pathogenic stress. Age-associated immune dysfunction, also dubbed …

Oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation are the hallmarks of the aging process and are
even more enhanced in many age-related degenerative diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction …

The morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory virus infection is felt most keenly
among the elderly. T cells are necessary for viral clearance, and many age-dependent …

Aging is a natural process characterized by progressive functional impairment and reduced
capacity to respond appropriately to environmental stimuli and injury. The incidence of two …

Aging manifests with architectural alteration and functional decline of multiple organs
throughout an organism. In mammals, aged skin is accompanied by a marked reduction in …