We analyzed 77 nonproductive and 574 productive human VH DJ H rearrangements with a
newly developed program, JOINSOLVER. In the productive repertoire, the H chain …

Four immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity (IGHD) gene subgroups (DFL16, DSP2, DQ52,
and DST4) have been identified previously in BALB/c mice. Although the locations of most …

CDR3 regions containing two D segments, or containing the footprints of VH replacement
events, have been reported in both mice and humans. However, the 12–23 bp rule for V (D) …

Some cattle antibodies are amongst the largest known to exist, in a species where CDR3 of
the heavy-chain variable region (CDR3H) is of exceptional size as it may extend up to 61 …

Germline mutations in Fas and Fasl induce nonmalignant T cell hyperplasia and systemic
autoimmunity and also greatly increase the risk of B cell neoplasms. B lymphomas occurring …

Half a billion years of evolutionary battle forged the vertebrate adaptive immune system, an
astonishingly versatile factory for molecules that can adapt to arbitrary attacks. The history of …

Anti-dsDNA antibodies tend to be enriched for heavy chain complementarity determining
region 3 (CDR-H3) intervals of above average length that contain an increased frequency of …

In normal conditions, the intracellular autoantigens reach the cell surface by apoptosis and
are normally cleared by phagocytes without inflammation, nevertheless the lack of …

Autoantibodies to diverse antigens escape regulation in systemic lupus erythematosus
under the influence of a multitude of predisposing genes. To gain insight into the differential …

Genomic recombination events, including VDJ recombination (VDJR) and class‐switch
recombination (CSR), are indispensable for the adaptation and progression of the acquired …