Physical exercise promotes cardiorespiratory fitness, and is considered the mainstream of
non-pharmacological therapies along with lifestyle modification for various chronic diseases …

The benefits of regular physical activity are related to delaying and reversing the onset of
ageing and age-related disorders, including cardiomyopathy, neurodegenerative diseases …

The Nrf2 transcription factor is induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and is
necessary for the adaptive response to exercise in mice. It remains unknown whether Nrf2 …

Healthspan is the period of our life without major debilitating diseases. In the modern world
where unhealthy lifestyle choices and chronic diseases taper the healthspan, which lead to …

Testicular dysfunction is caused by chronic exposure to environmental pollution, such as
malathion, which causes oxidative stress, promoting cell damage. Autophagy is a key …

The skeletal muscle is one of the largest organs in the mammalian body. Its remarkable
ability to swiftly shift its substrate selection allows other organs like the brain to choose their …

Proteins secreted from skeletal muscle serving a signalling role have been termed
myokines. Many of the myokines are exercise factors, produced and released in response to …

Cold exposure in conjunction with aerobic exercise stimulates gene expression of PGC-1α,
the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC-1α can be expressed as multiple …

Exercise training increases mitochondrial content in active skeletal muscle. Previous work
suggests that mitochondrial-related genes respond favorably to exercise in cold …

A reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, the ratio of mitochondrial DNA to
genomic DNA (mtDNA: gDNA), has been linked with dysfunctional mitochondria. Exercise …