Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecules with a broad spectrum of antibiotic
activities against bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and viruses and cytotoxic activity on cancer cells, in …

Recent advances in preclinical modeling of urinary tract infections (UTIs) have enabled the
identification of key facets of the host response that influence pathogen clearance and tissue …

The urinary tract is constantly exposed to microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal
tract, but generally the urinary tract resists infection by gut microorganisms. This resistance …

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to circulate in biological fluids and are enclosed in
vesicles such as exosomes; they are present in urine and represent a noninvasive …

As the key components of innate immunity, human host defense antimicrobial peptides and
proteins (AMPs) play a critical role in warding off invading microbial pathogens. In addition …

Intercalated cells are kidney tubule epithelial cells with important roles in the regulation of
acid-base homeostasis. However, in recent years the understanding of the function of the …

The bladder is continuously protected by passive defences such as a mucus layer,
antimicrobial peptides and secretory immunoglobulins; however, these defences are …

For lupus nephritis (LN) management, it is very important to detect fibrosis at an early stage.
Urinary exosomal miRNAs profiling can be used as a potential multi-marker phenotyping …

ABSTRACT Introduction: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent the large group of
endogenous compounds widely distributed in nature. Due to their broad spectrum of …

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections seen in
clinical practice. The ascent of UTI-causing pathogens to the kidneys results in …