Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of red or near‐infrared light at low power
densities to produce a beneficial effect on cells or tissues. PBM therapy is used to reduce …

The expression of 'clock'genes occurs in all tissues, but especially in the suprachiasmatic
nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, groups of neurons in the brain that regulate circadian …

Employing the clear, student-friendly style that made previous editions so popular, Insect
Physiology and Biochemistry, Fourth Edition presents an engaging and authoritative guide …

Daily rhythms of physiology and behaviour are precisely timed by an endogenous circadian
clock,. These include separate bouts of morning and evening activity, characteristic of …

Many animals use the Earth's geomagnetic field for orientation and navigation. Yet, the
molecular and cellular underpinnings of the magnetic sense remain largely unknown. A …

A genetic screen for mutants that alter circadian rhythms in Drosophila identified the first
clock gene—the period (per) gene. The per gene is a central player within a transcriptional …

Daily sleep cycles in humans are driven by a complex circuit within which GABAergic sleep-
promoting neurons oppose arousal. Drosophila sleep has recently been shown to be …

Tissue-specific overexpression of the glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) ortholog shaggy
(sgg) shortens the period of the Drosophila circadian locomotor activity cycle. The short …

▪ Abstract Circadian rhythms are found in most eukaryotes and some prokaryotes. The
mechanism by which organisms maintain these roughly 24-h rhythms in the absence of …

The bed bug, Cimex lectularius, has re-established itself as a ubiquitous human
ectoparasite throughout much of the world during the past two decades. This global …