Viruses that replicate in the human respiratory mucosa without infecting systemically,
including influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, endemic coronaviruses, RSV, and many other" …

The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex,
involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. Immune …

Predictive models of immune protection from COVID-19 are urgently needed to identify
correlates of protection to assist in the future deployment of vaccines. To address this, we …

Evidence suggests that innate and adaptive cellular responses mediate resistance to the
influenza virus and confer protection after vaccination. However, few studies have resolved …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding of the fundamental processes …

The influenza virus is a global threat to human health causing unpredictable yet recurring
pandemics, the last four emerging over the course of a hundred years. As our knowledge of …

Seasonal influenza vaccines lack efficacy against drifted or pandemic influenza strains.
Developing improved vaccines that elicit broader immunity remains a public health priority …

Numerous modern technological and scientific advances have changed the vaccine
industry. However, nearly 70 years of influenza vaccine usage have passed without …

Antibodies to the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins are the major
mediators of protection against influenza virus infection. Here, we report that current …

Neuraminidase is one of the two surface glycoproteins of influenza A and B viruses. It has
enzymatic activity that cleaves terminal sialic acid from glycans, and that activity is essential …