cGMP controls many cellular functions ranging from growth, viability, and differentiation to
contractility, secretion, and ion transport. The mammalian genome encodes seven …

In the past, the growth hormone (GH)–insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis was often
considered to be the main system that regulated childhood growth and, therefore …

The fast technological development, particularly single nucleotide polymorphism array, array-
comparative genomic hybridization, and whole exome sequencing, has led to the discovery …

Purpose Short stature is a common condition of great concern to patients and their families.
Mostly genetic in origin, the underlying cause often remains elusive due to clinical and …

Context: Genetics plays a major role in determining an individual's height. Although there
are many monogenic disorders that lead to perturbations in growth and result in short …

In mammals, secretin is a 27-amino acid peptide that was first studied in 1902 by Bayliss
and Starling from the extracts of the jejunal mucosa for its ability to stimulate pancreatic …

SHOX deficiency is the most frequent genetic growth disorder associated with isolated and
syndromic forms of short stature. Caused by mutations in the homeobox gene SHOX, its …

Context: Many children with idiopathic short stature have a delayed bone age. Idiopathic
short stature with advanced bone age is far less common. Objective: The aim was to identify …

Short stature remains the most common reason for referral to a pediatric Endocrinologist and
its management remains a challenge. One of the main controversies is the diagnosis of …

Context Patients born small for gestational age (SGA) who present with persistent short
stature could have an underlying genetic etiology that will account for prenatal and postnatal …