Adaptation by natural selection depends on the rates, effects and interactions of many
mutations, making it difficult to determine what proportion of mutations in an evolving lineage …

There have been a variety of approaches taken to try to characterize and identify the genetic
basis of adaptation in nature, spanning theoretical models, experimental evolution studies …

Bacteria can evolve rapidly under positive selection owing to their vast numbers, allowing
their genes to diversify by adapting to different environments. We asked whether the same …

Recombination is essential to microbial evolution, and is involved in the spread of antibiotic
resistance, antigenic variation, and adaptation to the host niche. However, assessing the …

Microorganisms impact spaceflight in a variety of ways. They play a positive role in
biological systems, such as waste water treatment but can be problematic through buildups …

Important genomic regions mutate less often than do other regions Skip to main content
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Many efforts have been made to understand the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis to reduce
losses and promote animal welfare. Staphylococcus aureus may cause bovine clinical …

The relative contributions of mutation rate variation, selection, and recombination in shaping
genomic variation in bacterial populations remain poorly understood. Here we analyze 3318 …

All organisms encode enzymes that replicate, maintain, pack, recombine, and repair their
genetic material. For this reason, mutation rates and biases also evolve by mutation …

Few experimental studies have examined the role that sexual recombination plays in
bacterial evolution, including the effects of horizontal gene transfer on genome structure. To …