Deployed optical clocks will improve positioning for navigational autonomy, provide remote
time standards for geophysical monitoring and distributed coherent sensing, allow time …

Laser cooled atoms have proven transformative for precision metrology, playing a pivotal
role in state-of-the-art clocks and interferometers and having the potential to provide a step …

Using a simple and cost-effective water jet process, silicon etch depth limitations are
overcome to realize a 6 mm deep atomic vapor cell. While the minimum silicon feature size …

We achieve a compact optical frequency standard with an extended cavity diode laser
locked to the 459-nm 6 S 1/2-7 P 1/2 transition of thermal 133 Cs atoms in a ϕ 10 mm× 50 …

We demonstrate a tunable, chip-scale wavelength reference to greatly reduce the
complexity and volume of cold-atom sensors. A 1-mm optical path length microfabricated …

We describe a high-performance optical frequency reference based on dual-frequency sub-
Doppler spectroscopy (DFSDS) using a Cs vapor microfabricated cell and an external-cavity …

Optical clocks are emerging as next-generation timekeeping devices with technological and
scientific use cases. Simplified atomic sources such as vapor cells may offer a …

Self-heterodyne beat note measurements are widely used for the experimental
characterization of the frequency noise power spectral density (FN–PSD) and the spectral …

Compactness, robustness and autonomy of optical frequency references are prerequisites
for reliable operation in mobile systems, on ground as well as in space. We present a …

We present a high-performance laser frequency stabilization method using modulation
transfer spectroscopy (MTS) on the rubidium^ 87D_2 transition line. A substantial …