Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Without approved antiviral therapeutics …

Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been considered to be relatively harmless respiratory
pathogens in the past. However, after the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly spread worldwide and has affected …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of
the novel viral disease COVID-19. With no approved therapies, this pandemic illustrates the …

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to extensive morbidity and mortality throughout the world.
Clinical features that drive SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in humans include inflammation and …

Detailed knowledge of the molecular biology of severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is crucial for understanding of viral replication, host …

Type I Interferons (IFN-Is) are a family of cytokines which play a major role in inhibiting viral
infection. Resultantly, many viruses have evolved mechanisms in which to evade the IFN-I …

The recent epidemic outbreak of a novel human coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 causing
the respiratory tract disease COVID-19 has reached worldwide resonance and a global …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle
East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV underscores the threat of cross-species …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is especially severe in aged populations.
Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are …