Osteoporosis is a global public health problem, with fractures contributing to significant
morbidity and mortality. Although postmenopausal osteoporosis is most common, up to 30 …

Systemic osteoporosis and increased fracture rates have been described in chronic
inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease
associated with various systemic comorbidities including osteoporosis. Osteoporosis and its …

The role of vitamin D (VitD) in calcium and bone homeostasis is well described. In the last
years, it has been recognized that in addition to this classical function, VitD modulates a …

COPD and osteoporosis are strongly associated because of common risk factors such as
age, smoking, and inactivity. In addition, COPD-related systemic inflammation, vitamin D …

The discovery that the vitamin D endocrine system regulates a very large number of genes
and their associated biological processes improves our insight into the fundamental role of …

Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are common musculoskeletal comorbidities of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that seriously affect the quality of life and prognosis …

One of the extrapulmonary effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is
osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is characterized by a low bone mineral density (BMD) and …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease characterized by airway
obstruction and inflammation but also accompanied by several extrapulmonary …

The classical definition of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as a lung
condition characterized by irreversible airway obstruction is outdated. The systemic …