Purpose To review existing classification systems for degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS),
propose a novel classification designed to better address clinically relevant radiographic …

Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) began more than 20 years ago as percutaneous
endoscopic discectomy and has evolved to the present day. This technique offers many …

Background Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy has been widely used to treat
lumbar disc herniation; its advantages are less trauma, faster recovery, lower costs, and …

Background Nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) is a common problem. Attempts have been
made to classify NSLBP patients into homogenous subgroups. Classification systems based …

The aim of this study is to observe the therapeutic effect of percutaneous endoscopic
discectomy and its influencing factors for lumbar disc herniation and compare the …

Lumbar lateral interbody fusion (LLIF) has been gaining popularity among the spine
surgeons dealing with degenerative spinal diseases while LLIF on L5-S1 is still challenging …

Background Percutaneous intervertebral-vacuum polymethylmethacrylate injection (PIPI) is
a minimally invasive procedure for low back pain in elderly patients with degenerative …

Background Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) has been used to treat lumbar
intervertebral instability, which has some advantages including less trauma, less blood loss …

Foraminal decompression using a minimally invasive technique to preserve facet joint
stability and function without fusion reportedly improves the radicular symptoms in …

Lumbar foraminal stenosis is a common cause of lumbar radiculopathy and conventionally
assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in supine-positioned patients. An MRI …