Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems are widely used for biological
studies, and are the basis of the organoid, tissue engineering and organ-on-chip research …

Successful materials design for bone-tissue engineering requires an understanding of the
composition and structure of native bone tissue, as well as appropriate selection of …

Tissue adhesives have garnered extensive interest as alternatives and supplements to
sutures, whereas major challenges still remain, including weak tissue adhesion, inadequate …

Consecutive mechanical loading cycles cause irreversible fatigue damage and residual
strain in gels, affecting their service life and application scope. Hysteresis-free hydrogels …

Chitosan, a naturally abundant cationic polymer, is chemically composed of cellulose-based
biopolymers derived by deacetylating chitin. It offers several attractive characteristics such …

Abstract Development of polymer-based smart materials, which can autonomously alter their
physical and/or chemical properties when exposed to external stimuli, is a thriving research …

Hydrogel scaffolds that can repair or regrow damaged biological tissue have great potential
for the treatment of injury and disease. These biomaterials are widely used in the tissue …

Hydrogels are a series of soft and wet materials with three dimensions of crosslinked
networks. Hydrogels have attracted great attention due to their diverse functional properties …

Abstract Service life and range of polymer materials is heavily reliant on their elasticity and
mechanical stability under long‐term loading. Slippage of chain segments under load leads …

Thermoresponsive polymers have been investigated for a variety of clinical applications
which make use of in situ gelation at physiological temperatures. However, for biomedical …