The three-signal paradigm tries to capture how the innate immune system instructs adaptive
immune responses in three well-defined actions:(1) presentation of antigenic peptides in the …

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are essential to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent
autoimmune disorders. While the function and molecular regulation of Foxp3+ CD4+ Tregs …

Regulatory T cells prevent the emergence of autoantibodies and excessive IgE, but the
precise mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that BCL6-expressing Tregs, known as …

Women have higher prevalence of asthma compared with men. In asthma, allergic airway
inflammation is initiated by IL-33 signaling through ST2, leading to increased IL-4, IL-5, and …

The development and differentiation of T cells represents a long and highly coordinated, yet
flexible at some points, pathway, along which the sequential and dynamic expressions of …

Maintenance of peripheral tolerance by CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) is essential
for regulating autoreactive T cells. The loss of function of Foxp3 leads to autoimmune …

Abstract Background Accumulation of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in the tumor often
represents an important mechanism for cancer immune evasion and a critical barrier to anti …

A principal purpose of type 2 immunity was thought to be defense against large parasites,
but it also functions in the restoration of homeostasis, such as toxin clearance following …

Highlights•Tfr cells regulate humoral immunity, thereby controlling antibody
responses.•Roles of Tfr cells have been unclear due to lack of specific tools to study …

Allergic diseases are caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to an external substance that is
normally not harmful to the body. An imbalance between type 2 immune response and …