Physical trauma can affect any individual and is globally accountable for more than one in
every ten deaths. Although direct severe kidney trauma is relatively infrequent, extrarenal …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex syndrome characterized by a decrease in renal
function and associated with numerous etiologies and pathophysiological mechanisms. It is …

Investigators should aim to use consistent criteria for defining AKI in future studies. Efforts
should be taken to use actual measurements rather than estimated values of baseline serum …

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of sepsis associated with
increased mortality and morbidity. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been …

Background Cardiac surgery remains the gold standard treatment for select cohorts of
patients with coronary artery and valvular heart diseases. It induces an acute systemic …

Background AKI is frequent in critically ill patients, in whom the leading cause of AKI is
sepsis. The role of intrarenal and systemic inflammation appears to be significant in the …

Results Sixty-four studies were identified that provided sex-specific data regarding the
incidence of cardiothoracic surgery–associated AKI among 1,057,412 subjects. Using …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are a major component of tumor stroma. It has been
reported that TAMs have M2-like phenotype and facilitate tumor progression by promoting …

Background Surgery is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized
patients. Major abdominal surgery has the second higher incidences of AKI, after cardiac …

Objective Postoperative low platelet count and perioperative high neutrophil/lymphocyte
(N/L) ratio are associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality after cardiac surgery …