The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes
from a fatal diagnosis into a medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is a key …

The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of
research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some …

Strategies to reduce obesity have become public health priorities as the prevalence of
obesity has risen in the United States and around the world. While the anti-inflammatory and …

During insulin-resistant states such as type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin fails to
suppress hepatic glucose production (HGP) yet promotes lipid synthesis. This metabolic …

The target of rapamycin (TOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase that is part of
two structurally and functionally distinct complexes, TORC1 and TORC2. In multicellular …

Insulin resistance (IR) affects not only the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism but all
aspects of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. IR is associated with increased secretion of …

Considerable data support the idea that forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) drives the liver
transcriptional program during fasting and is then inhibited by thymoma viral proto …

Obesity represents a major risk factor for the development of insulin and leptin resistance,
ultimately leading to a pleiotropic spectrum of metabolic alterations. However, resistance to …

Insulin resistance is among the most prevalent endocrine derangements in the world, and it
is closely associated with major diseases of global reach including diabetes mellitus …

Summary High-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity is a major contributor to diabetes and
cardiovascular disease, but the underlying genetic mechanisms are poorly understood …