Abstract In 2013, the “biofabrication window” was introduced to reflect the processing
challenge for the fields of biofabrication and bioprinting. At that time, the lack of printable …

This review focuses on recently developed alginate injectable hydrogels and alginate
composites for applications in bone tissue regeneration, and it evaluates the alternatives to …

Bioinks are formulations of biomaterials and living cells, sometimes with growth factors or
other biomolecules, while extrusion bioprinting is an emerging technique to apply or deposit …

Plastic surgery is a discipline that uses surgical methods or tissue transplantation to repair,
reconstruct and beautify the defects and deformities of human tissues and organs. Three …

The native tissues are complex structures consisting of different cell types, extracellular
matrix materials, and biomolecules. Traditional tissue engineering strategies have not been …

Treating large bone defects, known as critical-sized defects (CSDs), is challenging because
they are not spontaneously healed by the patient's body. Due to the limitations associated …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printed hydrogel scaffolds enhanced with ceramics have
shown potential applications for cartilage regeneration, but leaving biological and …

Biomacromolecules with poor mechanical properties cannot satisfy the stringent
requirement for load‐bearing as bioscaffolds. Herein, a biodegradable high‐strength …

Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged over the past four decades as a cost-effective, on-
demand modality for fabrication of geometrically complex objects. The ability to design and …

Bioprinting is rapidly being adopted as a major method for fabricating tissue engineering
constructs. Through the precise deposition of cell-and bioactive molecule-laden materials …