Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous membrane-bound vesicles released from
various origins. EVs play a crucial role in cellular communication and mediate several …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise as therapeutic modalities due to their
endogenous characteristics, however, further bioengineering refinement is required to …

Despite the remarkable advances in therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a large
number of patients still lack effective countermeasures. Recently, the reprogramming of …

Osteoporosis is one of the most common skeletal disorders caused by the imbalance
between bone formation and resorption, resulting in quantitative loss of bone tissue. Since …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biological nanoparticles naturally secreted by cells, acting
as delivery vehicles for molecular messages. During the last decade, EVs have been …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as a mode of intercellular communication and
molecular transfer to elicit diverse biological/functional response. Accumulating evidence …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny biological nanovesicles ranging from approximately 30–
1000 nm in diameter that are released into the extracellular matrix of most cell types and in …

Recently, the gut microbiota (GM) has been shown to be a regulator of bone homeostasis
and the mechanisms by which GM modulates bone mass are still being investigated. Here, it …

Adipose tissue (AT) is a highly heterogeneous and dynamic organ that plays important roles
in regulating energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In addition to its classical roles in …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies,
are small membrane vesicular structures that are released during cell activation …