Blood-derived biomarkers for brain and spinal cord diseases are urgently needed. The
introduction of highly sensitive immunoassays led to a rapid increase in the number of …

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major worldwide neurological disorder of
epidemic proportions. To date, there are still no FDA-approved therapies to treat any forms …

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are clinically grouped by severity: mild, moderate and severe.
Mild TBI (the least severe form) is synonymous with concussion and is typically caused by …

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament (IF) III protein uniquely found
in astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS), non-myelinating Schwann cells in the …

Summary Since 1974, the Glasgow Coma Scale has provided a practical method for
bedside assessment of impairment of conscious level, the clinical hallmark of acute brain …

Concussion and mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) are interchangeable terms to describe a
common disorder with substantial effects on public health. Advances in brain imaging, non …

Background After traumatic brain injury (TBI), plasma concentration of glial fibrillary acidic
protein (GFAP) correlates with intracranial injury visible on CT scan. Some patients with …

Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is an important pathoanatomical subgroup of traumatic brain
injury (TBI) and a major driver of mortality and functional impairment. Experimental models …

Biomarkers are important for accurate diagnosis of complex disorders such as traumatic
brain injury (TBI). For a complex and multifaceted condition such as TBI, it is likely that a …

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to
determine need for head computed tomography (CT) within 12 h after mild traumatic brain …