This article offers an extensive survey of results obtained using hybrid photonic-crystal fibers
(PCFs) which constitute one of the most active research fields in contemporary fiber optics …

Significance: Although the clinical potential for Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been
anticipated for decades, it has only recently been used in neurosurgery. Still, few devices …

To date, medical imaging of tissues has largely relied on time-consuming staining
processes, and there is a need for rapid, label-free imaging techniques. Stimulated Raman …

Coherent Raman scattering microscopy is a fast, label-free, and chemically specific imaging
technique that shows high potential for future in vivo optical histology. However, the imaging …

Multimodal non-linear microscopy combining coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering,
second harmonic generation, and two-photon excited fluorescence has proved to be a …

We present a two-photon microendoscope capable of in vivo label-free deep-tissue high-
resolution fast imaging through a very long optical fiber. First, an advanced light-pulse …

Biophotonics and nonlinear fiber optics have traditionally been two independent fields.
Since the discovery of fiber‐based supercontinuum generation in 1999, biophotonics …

The vibrational modes of molecules provide an intrinsic contrast mechanism for identifying
components in cells, tissues, and organisms. When excited by a laser, Raman scattered …

Spectroscopic stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a label-free technique that
generates chemical maps of live cells or tissues. A handheld SRS imaging system using an …

Raman sensing and microscopy are among the most specific optical technologies to identify
the chemical compounds of unknown samples, and to enable label-free biomedical imaging …