To date, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has determined 399,600,607 cases and 5,757,562 …

Over the past several decades, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have progressed from a
scepticism-inducing idea to clinical reality. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic catalysed the …

The targeted delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) to desired organs remains a great
challenge for in vivo applications of mRNA technology. For mRNA vaccines, the targeted …

Seasonal influenza vaccines offer little protection against pandemic influenza virus strains. It
is difficult to create effective prepandemic vaccines because it is uncertain which influenza …

RNA-based therapeutics have shown great promise in treating a broad spectrum of
diseases through various mechanisms including knockdown of pathological genes …

Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic
has led to the development of various vaccines. Real-life data on immune responses elicited …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around …

The recent success of mRNA vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 clinical trials is in part due to the
development of lipid nanoparticle delivery systems that not only efficiently express the …

COVID-19 vaccines were developed with an unprecedented pace since the beginning of the
pandemic. Several of them have reached market authorization and mass production …

Since the first successful application of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) as a vaccine
agent in a preclinical study nearly 30 years ago, numerous advances have been made in …