Spatial information acquisition happens in large part through the visual sense. Studying
visual attention and its connection to cognitive processes has been the interest of many …

Landmarks are accepted as one of the vital elements in both virtual and real environments
during wayfinding tasks. This paper provides an overview of the existing literature on the …

Urban areas of interest (AOI) refer to the regions within an urban environment that attract
people's attention. Such areas often have high exposure to the general public, and receive a …

Virtual Reality (VR) provides the possibility to study pedestrian wayfinding behaviour in multi-
level buildings. Although VR has been applied increasingly to study pedestrian behaviour, it …

Abstract In The Image of the City Lynch describes how individuals perceive and recall
features in urban spaces. The most distinctive elements in the urban landscape-categorised …

In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework for assessing the salience of landmarks
for navigation. Landmark salience is derived as a result of the observer's point of view, both …

This paper complements landmark research with an approach to formalize the structural
salience of objects along routes. The aim is to automatically integrate salient objects …

This article addresses the problem of incorporating cognitively salient landmarks in
computer-generated navigation instructions. On the basis of a review of the existing …

Pedestrian-navigation services enable people to retrieve precise instructions to reach a
specific location. However, the development of mobile spatial-information technologies for …

Wayfinding is a critical but challenging task for people who have low vision, a visual
impairment that falls short of blindness. Prior wayfinding systems for people with visual …