Highlights•Testosterone (T) is thought to integrate phenotypes that work well
together.•However, it is not clear how such integration is generated within the organism.•T …

In recent decades, endocrinologists have increasingly adopted evolutionary methods and
perspectives to characterize the evolution of the vertebrate endocrine system and leverage it …

Highlights•Multimodal communication allows a shift of channels if one channel is
impaired.•Shifts can occur only in perception or in both signal production and …

Sociality—ie, life in social groups—has evolved many times in rodents, and there is
considerable variation in the nature of these groups. While many species-typical behaviors …

Organismal behavior, with its tremendous complexity and diversity, is generated by
numerous physiological systems acting in coordination. Understanding how these systems …

Sex steroids mediate the organization and activation of masculine reproductive phenotypes
in diverse vertebrate taxa. However, the effects of sex steroid action in this context vary …

Arginine vasotocin (AVT) is the non-mammalian homolog of arginine vasopressin (AVP)
and, like vasopressin, serves as an important modulator of social behavior in addition to its …

Elaborate and skilled movements of the body have been selected in a variety of species as
courtship and rivalry signals. One roadblock in studying these behaviors has been a lack of …

When selection favors a new relationship between a cue and a hormonally mediated
response, adaptation can proceed by altering the hormonal signal that is produced or by …

Unrelated species often evolve similar phenotypic solutions to the same environmental
problem, a phenomenon known as convergent evolution. But how do these common traits …