Tumor blood vessels are a key target for cancer therapeutic management. Tumor cells
secrete high levels of pro-angiogenic factors which contribute to the creation of an abnormal …

Tie-1 and Tie-2 tyrosine kinase receptors are expressed specifically on vascular endothelial
cells and on a certain subtype of macrophages implicated in angiogenesis, thus, they have …

Angiogenesis is involved in physiological and pathological processes in the body. Tumor
angiogenesis is a key factor associated with tumor growth, progression, and metastasis …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer, closely related to smoking,
are major lung diseases affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The generated gas …

Malaria, a mosquito‐borne infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium
continues to be a major health problem worldwide. The unicellular Plasmodium‐parasites …

Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on
chromosome 10 (PTEN) signaling pathway play an important role in multiple cellular …

Angiopoietins (ANGPTs) are ligands of the endothelial cell receptor TIE2 and have crucial
roles in the tumour angiogenic switch. Increased expression of ANGPT2 relative to ANGPT1 …

Angiopoietin-2 (ANG2) regulates blood vessel remodeling in many pathological conditions
through differential effects on Tie2 signaling. While ANG2 competes with ANG1 to inhibit …

Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) has powerful vascular protective effects: suppressing plasma
leakage, inhibiting vascular inflammation, and preventing endothelial death. Preclinical …

Angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) was originally shown to be a competitive antagonist for Ang1 of the
receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2 in endothelial cells (ECs). Since then, reports have conflicted …