Conditioned place preference (CPP) continues to be one of the most popular models to
study the motivational effects of drugs and non‐drug treatments in experimental animals …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

The past 20 years have seen notable advances in our understanding of the physiology and
pharmacology of the emetic reflex leading to the identification of the anti-emetic effects of 5 …

Glutamate and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) are respectively two major excitatory and
inhibitory neurotransmitters of the adult mammalian central nervous system. These …

The discovery of anti-emetic agents is reviewed to illustrate the large database (> 129,000
papers in PubMed) available for potential data mining and to provide a background to the …

Abstract γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the
brain which acts through different receptor subtypes. Metabotropic GABA B receptors are …

Nausea and vomiting are common gastrointestinal complaints which could be triggered by
stimuli in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. They may be considered as …

Although there is no “ideal analgesic,” scientists and clinicians alike continue to search for
compounds with qualities which may approach the “ideal analgesic.” Characteristics of an …

The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-B receptor agonist baclofen is known to reduce drug intake
in both animals and humans and to prevent reinstatement of cocaine-, opioid-, and alcohol …

Background Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) is induced by opioid receptor
stimulation of chemoreceptor trigger zones and vestibular apparatus by opioids …