Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that reduces cell injuries
via detoxification of lipid-peroxidation product, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (hydroxynonenal). It is …

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is characterised by cell death of
parenchymal liver cells which interact with their microenvironment to drive disease activity …

Calpain is defined as a member of the superfamily of cysteine proteases possessing the
CysPC motif within the gene. Calpain-1 and-2, which are categorized as conventional …

There is an unmet clinical need for pharmacologic treatment for metabolic dysfunction-
associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Hepatocyte cell death is a hallmark of this highly …

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an enzyme found in the mitochondrial matrix that
plays a central role in alcohol and aldehyde metabolism. A common ALDH2 polymorphism …

Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicular structures that mediate degradation and
recycling of damaged macromolecules and organelles within the cell. For ensuring the place …

Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) constitute
increasingly prevalent disorders. Individuals with type 2 diabetes are well-known to be …

Autophagy mediates the degradation of intracellular macromolecules and organelles within
lysosomes. There are three types of autophagy: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and …

Hsp70. 1 has a dual function as a chaperone protein and lysosomal stabilizer. In 2009, we
reported that calpain-mediated cleavage of carbonylated Hsp70. 1 causes neuronal death …

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic food/feed contaminant and the liver is its main target organ,
thus it poses a great danger to organisms. Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a natural flavonoid …