Proton channels exist in a wide variety of membrane proteins where they transport protons
rapidly and efficiently. Usually the proton pathway is formed mainly by water molecules …

▪ Abstract Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, solid-state NMR, and X-ray
crystallography have contributed detailed information about the structural changes in the …

Site-direct spin labeling combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
spectroscopy is a powerful tool for detecting structural changes in proteins. This review …

In the history of science and technology, researchers have always undertaken endeavors to
enhance the degree of “directness of measurement”. With “directness of measurement”, we …

Site-directed spin labeling of proteins is experiencing a phase of rapid technical evolution,
application and evaluation. New strategies have been introduced for determining membrane …

The heterotrimeric synaptic soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein
receptor (SNARE) complex, consisting of the synaptic vesicle-associated membrane protein …

Dynamic changes in protein conformation in response to external stimuli are important in
biological processes, but it has proved difficult to directly visualize such structural changes …

Crystal structures of the Asp96 to Asn mutant of the light-driven proton pump
bacteriorhodopsin and its M photointermediate produced by illumination at ambient …

We provide a review of current electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques for studying basic
molecular mechanisms in membranes and proteins by using nitroxide spin labels. In …

Site-directed spin labeling in combination with electron paramagnetic resonance
spectroscopy has emerged as an efficient tool to elucidate the structure and conformational …