The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized
by the death of dopaminergic neurons that project from the substantia nigra pars compacta …

Immune cells rely on cell-cell communication to specify and fine-tune their responses. They
express an extensive network of cell communication modes, including a vast repertoire of …

Dopamine is well recognized as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and regulates critical
functions in a variety of peripheral systems. Growing research has also shown that …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) affects an estimated 7 to 10 million people worldwide,
and only symptomatic treatments are presently available to relieve the consequences of …

Over the past decades evidence has accumulated clearly demonstrating a pivotal role for
the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and its neurotransmitters in regulating inflammation …

Neurotransmitters are conventionally viewed as nerve-secreted substances that mediate the
stimulatory or inhibitory neuronal functions through binding to their respective receptors. In …

The immune system and the nervous system are highly complex organs composed of
various different cells that must interact with each other for proper function of the system …

Dopamine (DA) receptor, a significant G protein-coupled receptor, is classified into two
families: D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2, D3, and D4) receptor families, with further …

The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is an important molecule bridging the nervous and
immune systems. DA through autocrine/paracrine manner modulates the functions of …