Avoidance is typically considered a maladaptive behavioral response to excessive fear and
anxiety, leading to the maintenance of anxiety disorders. Exposure is a core element of …

Expectations are a central maintaining mechanism in mental disorders and most
psychological treatments aim to directly or indirectly modify clinically relevant expectations …

Numerous animal studies have demonstrated that fear acquisition and expression rely on
the coordinated activity of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala and that theta …

Learned fear and safety are associated with distinct oscillatory states in the basolateral
amygdala (BLA) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). To determine if and how these …

Laboratory models of extinction learning in animals and humans have the potential to
illuminate methods for improving clinical treatment of fear-based clinical disorders. However …

Background Hyperconsolidation of aversive associations and poor extinction learning have
been hypothesized to be crucial in the acquisition of pathological fear. Previous animal and …

Electrophysiological studies in rodents allow recording neural activity during threats with
high temporal and spatial precision. Although fMRI has helped translate insights about the …

Background Distinguishing between unipolar and bipolar depression is of high clinical
relevance. However, there is sparse research directly comparing these groups in terms of …

In everyday life, the motivational value of faces is bound to the contexts in which faces are
perceived. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that inherent negatively valent …

Hippocampus-dependent pattern separation is considered as a relevant factor for context
discrimination and might therefore impact the contextual modulation of conditioned fear …