Facial expression recognition has become a hot issue in the field of artificial intelligence. So,
we collect literature on facial expression recognition. First, methods based on machine …

To minimize any impediments in real-time Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled robotics
applications, this study demonstrated how to build and deploy a revolutionary framework …

The deaf community faces some major challenges due to the communication gap with the
hearing community. The traditional approach of employing a Sign Language (SL) interpreter …

Medical images are a critical component of the diagnostic process for clinicians. Although
the quality of medical photographs is essential to the accuracy of a physician's diagnosis …

The existing medical image privacy solutions cannot completely solve the security problems
created by applying the metaverse healthcare system. A robust zero-watermarking scheme …

In agriculture, identifying the deficient or excess nutrients in the leaf is a significant concern
for attaining the higher yield and productivity of any crop. Several image processing …

Discrete orthogonal moments (DOMs) are widely applied in the field of image processing.
However, most existing DOMs are used for flat image analysis and are less suitable for color …

In the continuous progress of mobile internet technology, medical image processing
technology is also always being upgraded and improved. In this field, digital watermarking …

With the rapid development of smart medical care, copyright security for medical images is
becoming increasingly important. To improve medical images storage and transmission …

Security in medical records is critical to patient privacy and confidentiality. Digital Patient
Records (DPR) hold sensitive information that can reveal a patient's health status and …