Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. This
heterogeneous disease can be classified into four molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B …

Simple Summary Growth factors are hormone-like molecules able to promote division and
migration of normal cells, but cancer captured the underlying mechanisms to unleash tumor …

Resistance to chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies is a major problem facing
current cancer research. The mechanisms of resistance to'classical'cytotoxic …

Abstract Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-positive breast cancer (HER2+ BC) is
defined by increased amplification of the ERBB2/neu oncogene and/or overexpression of its …

Abstract Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate that is effective and
generally well tolerated when administered as a single agent to treat advanced breast …

Simple Summary Overexpression of HER2 receptors have been identified in various types of
cancer including breast cancer and ovarian cancer. HER2 overexpression is generally …

Although several early phase clinical trials raised enthusiasm for the use of insulin-like
growth factor I receptor (IGF1R)-specific antibodies for cancer treatment, initial Phase III …

Rapid growth of nanotechnology is one of the most quickly emerging tendencies in cancer
therapy. Gold nanoparticles roused a distinctive interest in the field, due to their …

HER2-positive breast cancer accounts for 20–30% of all breast cancers and has the second-
poorest prognosis among breast cancer subtypes. The approval of trastuzumab in 1998 has …

IGF-1 is a potent mitogen of major importance in the mammary gland. IGF-1 binding to the
cognate receptor, IGF-1R, triggers a signaling cascade leading to proliferative and anti …