Tryptophan is an essential amino acid from dietary proteins. It can be metabolized into
different metabolites in both the gut microbiota and tissue cells. Tryptophan metabolites such …

The intestinal barrier is essential in human health and constitutes the interface between the
outside and the internal milieu of the body. A functional intestinal barrier allows absorption of …

Food fermentation, antibiotics, and pollutant degradation are closely related to bacteria.
Bacteria play an irreplaceable role in life. However, some bacteria seriously threaten human …

Microorganisms have a pivotal role in the functioning of ecosystems. Recent studies have
shown that microbial communities harbour keystone taxa, which drive community …

Nociceptive pain is a hallmark of many chronic inflammatory conditions including
inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs); however, whether pain-sensing neurons influence …

Spaceflight induces an immune response in astronauts. To better characterize this effect, we
generated single-cell, multi-ome, cell-free RNA (cfRNA), biochemical, and hematology data …

Actinobacteria are one the four major phyla of the gut microbiota and, although they
represent only a small percentage, are pivotal in the maintenance of gut homeostasis …

Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related
sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity …

The microbiota is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms consisting of bacteria, viruses,
protozoa, and fungi, living in different districts of the human body, such as the gastro-enteric …

The atopic march refers to the natural history of allergic diseases as they develop during
infancy and childhood. Introduced by the American allergists AF Coca and RA Cooke in …