Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the fundamental component of the medial layer
of arteries and are essential for arterial physiology and pathology. It is becoming …

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are latent transcription
factors that reside in the cytoplasm of several types of cells. In canonical signaling, upon …

Vascular calcification, a common pathological basis of vascular disease, is caused by
various diseases and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Therefore …

Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and hydrogen polysulfides (H 2 S n) are essential regulatory
signaling molecules generated by the entire body, including the central nervous system …

Cathepsins can be found in the extracellular space, cytoplasm, and nucleus. It was initially
suspected that the primary physiological function of the cathepsins was to break down …

Abundant experimental data suggest that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is related to the
pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Multiple molecular mechanisms, including …

Vascular calcification (VC) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and
contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, effective …

Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered to be a gasotransmitter along with
carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO), and is known as a key regulator of …

Vascular calcification (VC), characterized by different mineral deposits (ie, carbonate apatite,
whitlockite and hydroxyapatite) accumulating in blood vessels and valves, represents a …

Diabetes (especially Type II) is one of the primary threats to cardiovascular health. Wound
healing defects and vascular dysfunction are common in diabetic patients, and the primary …