Genetically encoded biosensors based on fluorescent proteins (FPs) are a reliable tool for
studying the various biological processes in living systems. The circular permutation of …

As a “holy grail” of neuroscience, optical imaging of membrane potential could enable high
resolution measurements of spiking and synaptic activity in neuronal populations. This has …

Optical interrogation of voltage in deep brain locations with cellular resolution would be
immensely useful for understanding how neuronal circuits process information. Here, we …

A longstanding goal in neuroscience has been to image membrane voltage across a
population of individual neurons in an awake, behaving mammal. Here we describe a …

Understanding information processing in the brain requires monitoring neuronal activity at
high spatiotemporal resolution. Using an ultrafast two-photon fluorescence microscope …

Optical imaging is important for understanding brain function. However, established
methods with high spatiotemporal resolution are limited by the potential for laser damage to …

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) has emerged as one of the most powerful and widespread
technologies to monitor the activity of neuronal networks in awake, behaving animals over …

Spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity propagates across varying spatial scales in the
mammalian cortex, but technical challenges have limited conceptual links between the …

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) could potentially be used for mapping
neural circuits at the plane of synaptic potentials and plateau potentials—two blind spots of …

Everything we see and do is regulated by electrical signals in our nerves and muscle. Ion
channels are crucial for sensing and generating electrical signals. Two voltage-dependent …