Estrogens and androgens influence the growth and maintenance of the mammalian
skeleton and are responsible for its sexual dimorphism. Estrogen deficiency at menopause …

This review summarises current understanding of how bone is sculpted through adaptive
processes, designed to meet the mechanical challenges it faces in everyday life and athletic …

Introduction The application of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography
(HR-pQCT) to assess bone microarchitecture has grown rapidly since its introduction in …

Bone is a multi-skilled tissue, protecting major organs, regulating calcium phosphate
balance and producing hormones. Its development during childhood determines height and …

Context: Understanding the etiology, diagnosis, and symptoms of hypoparathyroidism may
help to improve quality of life and long-term disease outcomes. This paper summarizes the …

In 2011 over 1.7 million people were hospitalized because of a fragility fracture, and direct
costs associated with osteoporosis treatment exceeded 70 billion dollars in the United …

The primary goal of this study was to assess peripheral bone microarchitecture and strength
in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes with fragility fractures (DMFx) and to …

Sex steroids are chief regulators of gender differences in the skeleton, and male gender is
one of the strongest protective factors against osteoporotic fractures. This advantage in bone …

Additive manufacturing (AM) of titanium (Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V lattices has been proposed for
bone implants and augmentation devices. Ti and Ti-6Al-4V have favourable biocompatibility …

The elderly population has substantially increased worldwide. Aging is a complex process,
and the effects of aging are myriad and insidious, leading to progressive deterioration of …