Personalized treatment is ideal for multiple sclerosis (MS) owing to the heterogeneity of
clinical features, but current knowledge gaps, including validation of biomarkers and …

CNS inflammation is a major driver of MS pathology. Differential immune responses,
including the adaptive and the innate immune system, are observed at various stages of MS …

Background No treatments have been approved for primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
Fingolimod, an oral sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator, is effective in relapse …

In recent years, several studies have examined the potential associations between
mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune inflammatory disease, where the underlying etiological
cause remains elusive. Multiple triggering factors have been suggested, including …

Background Multiple Sclerosis is more common in women than men and females have more
relapses than men. In a large international cohort we have evaluated the effect of gender on …

Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severely disabling neurological condition, and an
effective treatment is urgently needed. Recently, high-dose biotin has emerged as a …

Astrocytes are essential for the development and homeostatic maintenance of the central
nervous system (CNS). They are also critical players in the CNS injury response during …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system disease with a highly
heterogeneous course. The aetiology of MS is not well understood but is likely a …

Objective To examine mortality and factors associated with survival in a population based
multiple sclerosis (MS) cohort. Methods Clinical and demographic data of MS patients …