Despite accumulating evidence demonstrating strong epidemiologic and mechanistic
associations between cigarette smoking, hyperglycemia, and the development of type 2 …

Tobacco and nicotine use are associated with disease susceptibility and progression.
Health challenges associated with nicotine and smoking include developmental delays …

Type 2 diabetes is a global public health crisis that threatens the economies of all nations,
particularly developing countries. Fueled by rapid urbanization, nutrition transition, and …

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with numerous obstetrical, fetal, and
developmental complications, as well as an increased risk of adverse health consequences …

Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely used environmental endocrine disruptor, has been reported to
disrupt glucose homeostasis. BPA exposure may be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. In this …

Developmental toxicity caused by exposure to a mixture of environmental pollutants has
become a major health concern. Human-made chemicals, including xenoestrogens …

NeuroD, a transactivator of the insulin gene, is critical for development of the endocrine
pancreas, and NeuroD mutations cause MODY6 in humans. To investigate the role of …

An unavoidable consequence of aerobic respiration is the generation of reactive oxygen
species (ROS). These may negatively impact development. Nevertheless, a certain amount …

Insufficient oxygen supply (hypoxia) during fetal development leads to cardiac remodeling
and a predisposition to cardiovascular disease in later life. Previous work has shown …

Background: An emerging literature suggests that environmental chemicals may play a role
in the development of childhood obesity and metabolic disorders, especially when exposure …