Comparative analyses are the backbone of evolutionary analysis. However, their record in
producing a consensus has not always been good. This is especially true of attempts to …

A general model of neural development is derived to fit 18 mammalian species, including
humans, macaques, several rodent species, and six metatherian (marsupial) mammals. The …

A longstanding issue in biology is whether the intelligence of animals can be predicted by
absolute or relative brain size. However, progress has been hampered by an insufficient …

The water-to-land transition in vertebrate evolution offers an unusual opportunity to consider
computational affordances of a new ecology for the brain. All sensory modalities are …

Phenotypic integration is a pervasive characteristic of organisms. Numerous analyses have
demonstrated that patterns of phenotypic integration are conserved across large clades, but …

Mammals are the most encephalized vertebrates, with the largest brains relative to body
size. Placental mammals have particularly enlarged brains, with expanded neocortices for …

Relative brain sizes in birds can rival those of primates, but large-scale patterns and drivers
of avian brain evolution remain elusive. Here, we explore the evolution of the fundamental …

Features that were once considered exclusive to modern birds, such as feathers and a
furcula, are now known to have first appeared in non-avian dinosaurs. However, relatively …

Why some animals have big brains and others do not has intrigued scholars for millennia.
Yet, the taxonomic scope of brain size research is limited to a few mammal lineages. Here …

Bone is capable of adapting during life in response to stress. Therefore, variation in
locomotor and manipulative behaviours across extant hominoids may be reflected in …