The current review deals with sterilization systems in hospitals, Sterilization is the
comprehensive extermination of germs and disposal of their remains, and the process of …

In 2006, the IAEA published the Fundamental Safety Principles (IAEA Safety Standards
Series No. SF-1). That publication sets out the fundamental safety objective and the …

Proton therapy is an expanding radiotherapy modality in the United States and worldwide.
With the number of proton therapy centers treating patients increasing, so does the need for …

Particle therapy is the expanding radiotherapy treatment option of choice for cancer. Its cost,
however, is currently hindering its worldwide expansion. Also, the ideal application of …

Induced radioactivity is critical in a variety of fields including maintenance and
decommissioning of accelerators and reactors, nuclear waste management, and …

Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) offers unique physical and biological advantages over
photon radiotherapy. However, some materials and devices in the CIRT treatment room …

Contemporary linear accelerators applied in radiotherapy generate X-ray and electron
beams with energies up to 20 MeV. Such high-energy therapeutic beams induce …

Proton therapy is becoming increasingly popular worldwide, and its shielding must be
considered. The cathode ray tube (CRT) material is a glass containing heavy metal …

Brass mesh bolus has been shown to be an acceptable substitute for tissue‐equivalent
bolus to increase superficial dose for chest wall tangent photon radiotherapy. This work …

Perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology is a promising candidate for space applications
because of its high power‐to‐weight ratio, low‐cost fabrication process, and good tolerance …