Some phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants in animals. Exposure to
phthalates is considered to be potentially harmful to human health as well. Based on a …

After briefly discussing human exposure to phthalates—diesters of 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic
acid (phthalic acid)—this article first presents recent findings from the Study for Future …

Glyphosate-based herbicides are the most widely used across the world; they are
commercialized in different formulations. Their residues are frequent pollutants in the …

Background Chemical toxicity testing is being transformed by advances in biology and
computer modeling, concerns over animal use, and the thousands of environmental …

Masculinization depends on adequate production of testosterone by the fetal testis within a
specific “masculinization programming window.” Disorders resulting from subtle deficiencies …

Hypogonadism is an endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate serum testosterone
production by the Leydig cells of the testis. It is triggered by alterations in the hypothalamic …

A recent decline in onset of puberty–especially among girls–has been observed, first in the
US in the mid‐1990s and now also in Europe. The development of breast tissue in girls …

Background By disrupting the action of androgens during gestation, certain chemicals
present in food, consumer products, and the environment can induce irreversible …

Over recent decades, epidemiological studies have been reporting worrisome trends in the
incidence of human infertility rates. Extensive detection of industrial chemicals in human …

Organohalogens are persistent organic pollutants that have a wide range of chemical
application. There is growing evidence that several of these chemical compounds interfere …