This review focuses on the type A cytochrome c oxidases (C c O), which are found in all
mitochondria and also in several aerobic bacteria. C c O catalyzes the respiratory reduction …

Heme-copper oxidases (HCOs) are terminal enzymes on the mitochondrial or bacterial
respiratory electron transport chain, which utilize a unique heterobinuclear active site to …

Proton transfer is vital for many biological and chemical reactions. Hydrogen‐bonded water‐
containing networks are often found in enzymes to assist proton transfer, but similar strategy …

Cytochrome c oxidase (C c O) is an essential enzyme in mitochondrial and bacterial
respiration. It catalyzes the four-electron reduction of molecular oxygen to water and …

Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes light-driven water oxidization, releasing O2 into the
atmosphere and transferring the electrons for the synthesis of biomass. However, despite …

Inspired by the proficiency of natural enzymes, mimicking of nanoenvironments for precise
substrate preorganization is a promising strategy in catalyst design. However, artificial …

Catalysis enables many aspects of modern life, including fuels, products, plastics, and
medicines. Recent advances in catalysis have enabled us to realize higher efficiencies and …

In alkaline solutions, the electrocatalytic conversion of nitrates to ammonia (NH3)(NO3RR) is
hindered by the sluggish hydrogenation step due to the lack of protons on the electrode …

Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase is a member of a diverse superfamily of haem–copper
oxidases. Its mechanism of oxygen reduction is reviewed in terms of the cycle of catalytic …

Aerobic life is powered by membrane-bound enzymes that catalyze the transfer of electrons
to oxygen and protons across a biological membrane. Cytochrome c oxidase (C c O) …