Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by the loss of bone mass
and increased bone fracture risk largely resulting from significantly reduced levels of the …

The biology of bone healing is a rapidly developing science. Advances in transgenic and
gene‐targeted mice have enabled tissue and cell‐specific investigations of skeletal …

The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines,
chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune …

Fractures are the most common large-organ, traumatic injuries to humans. The repair of
bone fractures is a postnatal regenerative process that recapitulates many of the ontological …

Purpose of review Bone fracture healing is a complex physiological process relying on
numerous cell types and signals. Inflammatory factors secreted by immune cells help to …

Bone is a hard yet dynamic tissue with remarkable healing capacities. Research to date has
greatly advanced the understanding of how bone heals and has led to marked success in …

Immune responses are crucial not only for host defence against pathogens but also for
tissue maintenance and repair after injury. Lymphocytes are involved in the healing process …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review summarizes research on the physiological changes
that occur with aging and the resulting effects on fracture healing. Recent Findings Aging …

Osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells, play pivotal roles in bone modeling and
remodeling. Osteoblast differentiation, also known as osteoblastogenesis, is orchestrated by …

Over the past several years, a pathophysiological role for the IL-23–IL-17 pathway in human
disease has been defined. A subset of rheumatic diseases, including psoriatic arthritis (PsA) …